No confirmed ET technology
AARO said it found no evidence that any U.S. government investigation, academic-sponsored study or official review panel had confirmed a UAP sighting represented extraterrestrial technology.
AARO’s 63-page historical review surveyed U.S. government UFO/UAP investigations since 1945 and tested claims of hidden crash-retrieval and reverse-engineering programs. Its conclusion was blunt: no confirmed extraterrestrial technology and no empirical evidence that government or industry had reverse-engineered it. The argument ever since has been about whether AARO’s access was as complete as claimed, whether its interview set was broad enough, and whether a report containing demonstrable historical errors and omissions can be treated as the final word on the government record.
AARO said it found no evidence that any U.S. government investigation, academic-sponsored study or official review panel had confirmed a UAP sighting represented extraterrestrial technology.
AARO said it found no empirical evidence that the U.S. government or private companies had been reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology, and judged claims tied to specific people, places, tests and documents inaccurate on the information then available.
The report explicitly acknowledges that many UAP reports remain unresolved or unidentified. Its position is that better data would probably resolve most of them as ordinary objects or phenomena.
The distinction matters. The report does not say every UAP has been explained. It says AARO found no evidence that an unresolved case had been confirmed as extraterrestrial technology, and no empirical support for the hidden reverse-engineering narrative it tested.
Volume I reconstructs government UAP programs from Project SIGN, GRUDGE and BLUE BOOK through the Condon era, AAWSAP/AATIP, UAPTF and AARO itself. It then tests a network of claims brought forward by interviewees concerning concealed recovered craft, biological material, special access programs, aerospace contractors and alleged secrecy agreements.
As of 17 September 2023, AARO said it had interviewed approximately 30 individuals. It divided interviewees into priority tiers, giving highest weight to people claiming firsthand knowledge of programs, events or material.
AARO says it established secure relationships with DoD, Intelligence Community and DHS Special Access Program control offices and was granted full, unrestricted access by all organizations to pertinent sensitive programs needed to test interviewee claims. Federal law separately authorizes AARO to receive UAP-related information regardless of classification level, special-access controls or compartmentation.
That gives AARO unusually strong formal access. But the public still cannot independently enumerate the full SAP/CAP universe or verify that every relevant program was correctly identified from the names, aliases and descriptions provided by witnesses. The distinction is therefore between strong statutory/administrative access authority and publicly auditable completeness.
AARO said it found no evidence of an authentic UAP-specific NDA or of threats of death/violence for disclosing UAP information.
One interviewee relayed a third-hand claim that an organization possessed as many as 12 extraterrestrial craft recovered before 1970. AARO said it found no empirical evidence supporting the allegation.
AARO said a sample alleged to have come from an alien spacecraft was ordinary terrestrial metal without exceptional qualities. Later laboratory work published through AARO further tested this material.
KONA BLUE was a proposed DHS Special Access Program linked to former AAWSAP/AATIP supporters. AARO says it was never approved as an operational reverse-engineering program and never received the alleged recovered craft or non-human biologics.
AARO’s broader theory is that some interviewee narratives grew from real classified aerospace or intelligence programs being misunderstood or linked second-/third-hand to extraterrestrial activity.
AARO later released a memorandum documenting multiple attempts to interview David Grusch for the Historical Record Report. According to AARO, direct and intermediary invitations produced no completed interview.
That matters in two directions. Critics are right that the report did not obtain Grusch’s evidence directly through its own interview process. But it is also inaccurate to say AARO simply refused to hear him: AARO’s own contemporaneous memorandum documents repeated attempts to arrange a secure interview.
Whether a completed Grusch interview would have changed the report is unknowable. The evidentially honest statement is simply that a central public claimant’s information was not tested through an AARO interview for Volume I.
Christopher Mellon argues Congress required a history of the U.S. Government record relating to UAP — including efforts to obfuscate, manipulate public opinion or hide information — while Volume I mostly summarizes prior investigations and reverse-engineering allegations.
Mellon says Volume I omits material involving NORAD, NSA, pre-2009 DIA, CBP and documented UAP-related security/classification practices that he believes fall inside the statutory historical mandate.
Examples include dating Kenneth Arnold’s landmark sighting to 23 June 1947 rather than 24 June and imprecise treatment of historic aircraft/programs. None proves a hidden crash program, but they weaken confidence in editorial rigor.
Mellon also challenges AARO’s accounting of Project Blue Book records, arguing the report’s cited page total is far below the roughly 130,000 pages available through National Archives microfilm/digitization. Whether that is an apples-to-apples archival-counting issue or a substantive omission needs independent archival reconciliation; the critique should not be silently accepted as settled fact.
His broader complaint is more consequential: Volume I does not meaningfully investigate the government’s own historical role in secrecy, stigma, disinformation or public-opinion management, despite statutory language that explicitly asked for efforts to obfuscate, manipulate or hide UAP-related information.
Specific errors and omissions can weaken the report’s claim to historical completeness. They do not independently establish the recovered-craft/reverse-engineering programs AARO says it could not substantiate.
AARO subsequently published laboratory work with Oak Ridge National Laboratory on alleged anomalous metallic specimens. The strongest 2026 follow-up concerns an aluminum-silicon specimen reportedly recovered in Ohio in the mid-1990s after an alleged UAP event.
ORNL assessed the sample as consistent with an ordinary aluminum alloy made for common applications. AARO’s January 2026 supplement says the material has casting defects, lacks features expected of an advanced high-performance alloy, and is compositionally comparable to conventional 300/400-series aluminum-silicon alloys.
AARO still could not identify the exact manufacturing source. That distinction matters: ordinary terrestrial material is a materials finding; specific provenance unknown is a chain-of-custody limitation.
This later work strengthens AARO’s narrower claim that at least some physical samples promoted as anomalous do not survive independent laboratory testing. It does not test every material allegation circulating in the UAP literature.
The report says additional claims would be addressed in Volume II, including work from interviews and research continuing after the cutoff used for Volume I.
The Department of Defense said in March 2024 that a second volume would follow. Yet as of 9 September 2026, AARO’s official Congressional/Press Products index still lists only Historical Record Report: Volume 1. The office has since published annual reports, hearing materials, KONA BLUE records, materials analyses and other information papers, but no public Volume II appears on that index.
Separately, later reporting has described additional Pentagon historical findings involving government disinformation, classified-program cover stories and even internal alien-themed hazing. Those reports may foreshadow material intended for the missing second volume, but until AARO publishes the underlying report or records, they should not be presented as “Volume II has been released.”
That does not reverse Volume I’s findings. It does mean the historical review remains publicly incomplete by AARO’s own original architecture.
Volume I: public. Volume II: no public release identified on AARO’s current report index. Any page claiming Volume II has definitively resolved all remaining historical interview claims needs a primary source.
The report itself controls all claims about what AARO found, how it describes its access and what it deferred.
Most useful on the report’s statutory scope, omitted agencies, classification/obfuscation history, Blue Book archive dispute and concrete factual errors. His critique is treated as a challenge to completeness, not proof of alien recovery.
This version separates AARO’s strong reverse-engineering finding from the weaker claim that Volume I is a complete history of U.S. government UAP involvement, then incorporates the later ORNL materials work and current Volume II gap.
It is the most consequential public Pentagon historical review of the modern UAP controversy: a formal statement that AARO says it could not substantiate the recovered-craft and reverse-engineering narrative after checking archives, programs, people and materials.
The report’s critics have legitimate, specific questions about statutory scope, historical errors, omitted agencies, archive completeness, classification history and who was interviewed. Those problems matter because Volume I presents itself as a historical record. But even a flawed history does not automatically falsify AARO’s separate program checks or supply the empirical evidence for recovered extraterrestrial technology that the report says was absent.
The unresolved public issue is now institutional as much as ufological: AARO promised a Volume II. More than two years after Volume I, the public index still does not show it.